Lined receptacle



Oct. 11, 1932. c. P. WELLMAN LINED RECEPTACLE Original Filed July 7, 1919 ku 4 D 2 Sheets-Sheet l "v ze e Oct. 11, 1932. I c. P. WELLMAN 1,882,170

LINED RECEPTAQLE Original Filed July 7. 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Oct. 11, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHARLES P. WELLMAN, OF MEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY LINED RECEPTACLE Original application filed July 7, 1919, Serial No. 309,115, now Patent No. 1,584,964, datedMay 18, 1926. Divided and application filed April 28, 1926, Serial No. 105,108. Divided and this application filed May 1,

1931. Serial No. 534,193.

This invention relates to relatively complete receptacles for packaging, storing or board, or other sheet material and constituting a new kind of lined receptacle of this class of advantageous qualifications.

It is increasingly the custom to pack and ship perishables, articles necessarily kept clean, such as food products, and articleswhich have to be measured in bulk, or protected from the atmosphere, or from which other things have to be protected, in receptacles designed to contain and protect the enclosed material from loss of weight by evaporation, damage by exposure to the air or from contamination by exposure to the material of the container itself when it is desired that the container shall beof a material affecting in any way the contents. Sometimes the contents contain elements such as moisture or oil reacting upon the container to soil or destroy the same. In all cases, capacity to print labels or trade marks on or to decorate the surfaces of the outer container is of commercial importance.

In any of these situations it is desirable to provide an impervious lining for the container of such materials so treated as to prevent the container from affecting the contents, or' the contents affecting the container, and this having been done it is possible to form the exterior container of cheap, strong and serviceable material without reference to its relation to the kind of material intended tobc contained in it. Instances of the classes of commodities which have either to be pro instance, among ground materials, such spices as ginger sift or work out of any but the most impervious containers, and spoil the other packages, or evaporate their volatile.

flavoring constituents. Coffee evaporates except in an impervious com ainer, and emits such a strong odor as to aifect other absorbent foods. Tobacco manufactures and bakery products lose their moisture at a high rate when in a pervious package: Such readycooked foods as potato chips and other fried things have some of their retained grease absorbed by an absorbent paper container unless protected. Candies adhere to the container unless protected from it, and -then are apt to be torn open by their own weight. Fluids, semi-fluids, jams and pastes obviously require a waterproof lining for the container; butter, cheese, and other dairy products require a sterile container not absorbent to water or grease.

The above being a well-known state of the art with respect to packages for storage and shipment of such contents, the situation has heretofore been in part met by first making boxes or cartons of strong, stiff paper, pulpboard or pasteboard, and then providing them with a lining of parchmentized, paraflin, rosin-sized or other impervious non-absorbent paper, or metal foil, or foil-coated paper, or other sheet material, so that the package comprising the lining responds to the suggested requirements; it has also been proposed to form into a container by simultaneous folding operations a blank of such material as is suitable for the exterior of a package of this nature and an applied lining blank suitable for the interior of such a package.

But so far as I am aware it has heretofore been impossile to provide for sealing the lining, or for completely folding the lining only into an impervious or relatively impervious container, when the operation of 'making the receptacleas a Whole involves operations upon both the lining and the body of the container. When it is desired that the lining should cover unbrokenl the inner surface of the container it has been necessary,

according to the prior art practice, first to 7 make the container, then to make the lining, and then to assemble them. This is not only wasteful of time but necessitates the provision of'separate receptacle-forming devices, lining-forming devices and assembling devices 'for putting them together. So far as I am aware, machines for automatically assembling the receptacle and the lining have not been wholly successful or economical because of the difficulty of inserting the flimsy lining into the receptacle without destroying many of the linings. Under the conditions of use, a torn or wrinkled lining prevents utility.

The invention will be described by reference to a lined carton of the kind suitable for the shipment of food'products. The lining is formed complete and if desired sealed along side and end closure seams, the carton being formed about the lining while the lining is still supported upon a mandrel or form, and lining and carton being subsequently removed from the mandrel and delivered ready for filling contents into the assembled lined container.

This species of the device of the invention is therefore a carton or box-like receptacle comprising in assembled relation an impervious relatively flexible lining, and a relatively stiff exterior element or cover, glued or otherwise fastened together in finished form, except that box and lining may be open at one end ready for filling and final closure by folding and end-flap fastening operations performed on lining and cover respectively.

In the accompanying drawings,

Fig. 1 is a diagram elevation illustrating a mandrel and a mode of applying a lining blank to form three sides of a tube;

Fig. 2 is a similar elevation showing a tucked-in lap and overlap of a lining blank about to be sealed;

Fig. 3 is a similar elevation illustrating one kind of sealing operation;

. Fig. at is a perspective of a mandrel carrying a lining tube, the longitudinal seam being fastened;

Fig. 5 is a similar perspective showing end folds of the lining tube partly formed;

Fig. 6 is an end elevation of mandrel and linin tube showing one mode of completing end olding and sealing the end folds of the lining,

Fig. lining;

Fig. 8 is an-elevation showing a box or cover blank and one mode of forming the primary and secondary longitudinal folds of the box on and about a mandrel bearing the completed lining;

Fig. 9 is a diagram perspective illustrating one mode of closing and sealing the bottom of the cover or box;

Fig. 10 is a plan view of a blank for a lin- 7 is a perspective of the completed ing showing the relative position of foldv lines formed during the operations on it; and

Fig. 11 is a plan View of a cut and scored box blank for a cover.

Referring now to Figs. 1 to 7 and '10, the operations may be carried out with the aid of a mandrel 5, which may be any suitable device substantially defining at least five sides of the at least six-sided three-dimensioned space for a receptacle in the form of a rectangular solid, or of any other solid shape suitable to define the interior space in the receptacle to be made. The operation is begun by forming about this mandrel the primary longitudinal folds 2, see Fig. 10, of a blank to constitute a preferably impervious lining for the completed receptacle. Preferably, as shown in Fig. 10, the blank 1 is an oblong piece of suitable sheet material, which may be any of a class of non-absorbent materials, such as cloth or paper suitably treated, any suitable colloid or metallic film, rosin-sized paper or parchmentized paper, or paper uniformly impregnated or coated with a non-absorbent; preferably the lining material is of, or is impregnated heavily or coated with a fusible sealing compound or material, preferably containing or consisting of parafline, a wax, or a resin; but it is within the invention to otherwise treat the lining'material or to leave it untreated, and it will be understood that description below of making with or use of a sheetimpregnated with or carrying a fusible cementitious material is merely a state ment of a preferred species.

As illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, a preferred way of applying the blank and forming the longitudinal folds in it is to apply an area 3, Fig. 10, near the middle of the blank to one of the narrower facesof the mandrel 5, and then by relative motion of the mandrel and folding devices illustrated in diagram at 4, to fold the remainder of the blank down against the adjacent faces of the mandrel. This operation may be the result of moving the mandrel vertically against a blank 1 lying on a horizontal table having a suitable aperture for passage of the mandrel 5 with cam edges represented by the devices4 for applying the lateral parts of the blank to the lateral faces of the mandrel.

In the preferred mode, the axis of the mane drel 5 defining its centre of figure remains horizontal, and the mandrel moves upward against the blanks 1 held by gravity and suitable devices 4 on the upper surface of the table over which the blanks 1 may be fed.

In whatever way the blank 1 is applied to the mandrel, and referring now to Fig. 2, secondary folds on the lines 6, 6, Figs. 2 and 10, are now formed one after another against the lower face of the mandrel as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. One way of doing this is' to act upon the left-hand depending area of the applied blank in the direction of the arrow a. Fig. 2, by a suitable following tucker, and then to move either the mandrel and blank or a cam-edged presser and sealer device 10, one relatively to the other, in one of the directions indicated by the oppositely pointing arrows b and a so as to apply the exterior lap 7 of the blank 1 over the interior lap 8 of the blank 1. As indicated in Figs.

2 and 3, this may conveniently be accomplished by moving the mandrel and the applied blank in the direction of the arrow 6 ZZI' A .type shown in Fig. 5. This may be accomplished, see Fig. 6, by acting on the projecting edge of the tube-folded blank by oscillating or rotary tuckers 12, 12 acting in the direction of the arrows cl, Fig. 5, to turn in the folds 13, 13, Fig. 5, the fold 13' being constituted of overlapped liner elements 7 and 8 and then by acting in the direction of the arrow 6, Figs. 5 and 6, on one of the remaining projections from the tube, for example the projection 30, by suitable folding means such as the folders 15, 15,- Fig. 6; these operations may take place during motion of the mandrel and the bag being formed upon it in the di reotion of the arrow e, Figs. 5 and 6. The end folds .may then be completed and the bottom closure of the bag sealed by the operation of a relatively stationary cam-edged hot presser 20, Fig. 6, on the remaining fold 14, Fig.

5; or, if a suitable adhesive shall have beenapplied to a blank with or without any fusible cementitious impregnation, sealing may be effected by a cam presser such as 20, which is not necessarily hot. In any mode of sealing, all of the folds at the end of the mandrel are sealed together into an impervious closure.

The result of the above operations has been to form a longitudinally seamed bag of the kind shown in Fig. 7 both the longitudinal seam and the end fold seams being sealed to complete the bag as an independent receptacle everywhere except at one open end (at the far end of the mandrel 5 as shown in Fig. 4).

The portions of overlapped sections 7 and 8, lying inthe end closure of the receptacle everywhere in a flat state, are overlaid by diagonally folded extensions or projections 30 and 14 of unbroken inner side walls of the receptacle. The inwardly directed edge of these overlapped and sealed sections 7 and V edges faced in opposite directions, with the" 8 is thus covered, leaving no gap unclosed by the inner lining thickness.

and 14 in the plane of the end closure, in contact with each other and with their infolded strength, as well as of minimum thickness.

Itwill be observed that. a lining bag so made accurately and tightly follows a solid The Overlap; ping of the diagonally folded extensions ,30

conforming to the faces of the mandrel, and that it is a complete structure, which, ifo'f'impervious material, is impervious also'Yat its seams and closure. Although the material of which this lining bag is made maybe relatively flimsy and easily torn, nevertheless it is capable, because it fits the mandrel with little or no slack, of bearing considerable stresses without damage while supported on the mandrel; and becauseof this a relatively stiff box or cover may be formedv on and about the bag while it is on the-mandrel without damage to the bag, and with the result of causing the bag everywhere to be in substantial contact with the interior surface of the covering box when the box is completed about it, and therefore causing it to be supported by the relatively stiff box against tearing stresses in use. These relations therefore predetermine a completed package in which the lining is independently a continuous and self-seamed receptacle, in exceedingly close contact with the interior of the covering box, and therefore reliably supported everywhere by the covering box to the full extent" of the resistance of the covering box to stresses from within or deformation from without. g

In order fully to secure the structural advantages mentioned above, a preferred type of box or carton is built about the seamed bag lining in such. a way as to cause the necessary longitudinal seam or seams of'the box or carton to be out of coincidence with, and preferably on the opposite side of the completed receptacle from the seam or seams of the bag lining. This structure ensures a continuous wall for the receptacle whether or not there is inadvertent failure to seal the longitudinal seam of-the lining bag or of the covering box. It avoids a seam thickness twice the aggregate thickness of the sheets of material of which the wall is comprised. Preferred ways of doing this provide for applying an unbroken section of the box blank to that face of the mandrel-carried bag having a longitudinal seam. Preferably the cover blank C is of the type best shown in Fig. 11 comprising the longitudinal edge scores 0 c c 0 and the lateral edge scores 0 and 0, these score marks defining a front a, a back '0 a side 0 and a side 0 Continuous with the front 0 a glue-lap or sealing seam flap 0 preferably is provided. The end flaps 0 0 04 0 are preferably separated by cuts 0 and the other end flaps by cuts 0 respectively continuing the corner scores 0 c 0 but any preferred or desired arrangement of en d-closures may be provided for. I sure at one end, for instance ending in line 0.

The blank C may be arranged to be integrally folded in square or envelope folds at In some cases the box may have no 010- T the bottom as described in connection with lining 1, but preferably the bottom is divided into a front flap a back flap 0 and side flaps c and 0'.

As in the case of the lining, it is preferred to form the primary folds c 0 by the proper motion of the mandrel 5 in respect to the table upon which the waiting blank is placed, and by lapping or wrapping the blank about the mandrel. By this arrangement the blank ifof some classes of material, need not be scored, or if scored, may never have been bent at the position of the scored lines, and particularly may not, as in the prior art, have been bent through 180 preparatory to lining and filling. Easily broken stock is worked with a success impossible'if the steps of manufacture require sharp bending.

Blanks like the blank C may therefore be prepared for use by printing on the fiat blank all of the desired labels or marks, cutting the slits 0 and 0 and pre-scoring at the fold lines. Preferably the prepared blanks-are stacked and moved in the direction of the slits 0 0 into proper relation with the feed table 200, Fig. 8, supporting these blanks for first contact with a bagcarrying mandrel to occur in relation to the area a of blank C and that narrower face of the mandrel 5 carrying the'seam between the ends of the blank 1. Preferably the box blank is spread with glue at the area 9 which will overlap the glue-lap 0 during passage of the blank to the feed table.

Referring to Fig. 8, passage of the bagc'arrying mandrel through a slot in table 200,

or other suitable relative movement between the bag-carrying mandrel and any suitable instruments acting like the edges of the slot in the feed table, results in lapping the sides a, 0 of blank C about the bag on the mandrel by forming sharp primary bends at the score marks 0 0 the glue lap o may now be tucked over the edge of bag and mandrel by a suitable instrument, for example a tucking roller 212 moving in the direction of arrow 7; and the portion 0 of the blank C carrying glue at 9 may be forced down.

into contact with glue lap 0 For example, the lapping and creasing operations may be carried out in respect to a mandrel 5 moving downward as indicated by arrow h in respectrto a slotted feed table 200 and blank C resting on it, the roller 212 acting after this motion; and the portion 0 may then be lapped down an(. the glued seam between it and glue lap o may be set by motion of the mandrel, bag and box in the direction of arrow 11 against a cam-edged presser 206, Fig. 8. But any other series of motions or application of instruments to the blank C resulting in bending the blank about the man-- drel and the lining 1 carried by itmight serve.

Referring now to Fig. 9, the receptacle may be completed by any suitable order of the projecting flaps 0 a, 0 a; for example the flaps 0 a" may be tucked in against the bottom closure of the bag 1; the flap 0 may be spread with glue on both faces, at the area 9 bent in against flaps 0 in face-to-face contact with the two diagonally folded and sealed elements '30 and 14 and overlying the joint between the overlapped infolded parts of sections 7 and 8 which extend from the sealed side of the inner thickness. Bottom sealing means of ordinary construction suitable for paper boxes or cartons having cut flaps is suitable, but I prefer to operate on the cutflaps to turn them in as indicated by arrows to, w, y, and a in the order mentioned, and then to press the outside flap 0 in the direction of the axis of mandrel 5.

The glued area g is exposed for contact with the bag along a narrow longitudinal line, and the glued area g is exposed for contact with the end of bag 1 in the space between flaps 0 f and 0 when theparts are proportioned as shown and this glued attachment of box to bag additionally holds the bag in contact with the box, although this is ordi narily suflieiently assured by the close fit of the box, air pressure on attempted relative movement, and friction.

The mandrel 5 may be hollow and perforated, and the lined box may be delivered from the mandrel by air pressure acting from within the mandrel.

The completed. receptacle is open at one end. After filling with the proposed contents, the lining'bag may be folded upon the contents, sealed if desired, and the flaps of the end closure of the box folded over and sealed in due order. These operations may be competently performed by known topsealing devices working in connection with known types of packaging machinery.

One of the desirable characteristics of my new container as thus completed is the inti mate contact of the inner and outer receptacles at substantially all parts of their side and bottom walls, the outer receptacle being formed around the inner receptacle, (that is to say, conforming closely to the external contour of the latter) so that the outer receptacle furnishes a reliable backing,

For-example, the inner receptacle may be of I thin and easily ruptured material such as metal foil, film-like rubber, thin leather, delicate textile fabrics, paraflined paper, parchmentized paper, thin flexible sheets of cellulose derivatives, such as the substance known as glassine, and so forth,dependent upon the type of protection to be afforded to the contents,the demands of the trade as to appearances,and the like, without taking into consideration its strength or resistance .to tearing or bursting. Thus in filling the improved container no particular care is required (even when pressure must be exerted in compacting or introducing the contents) to prevent rupture of the lining material, nor is such bursting or rupture liable to occur by reason of sudden shocks or jars to which the filled container may be subjected in shipping or handling.

While I believe that the most practical way of making the container consists in first building the lining receptacle upon a mandrel and subsequently building the outer receptacle so as to embrace the lining while the latter is still on the mandrel, I contemplate the construction of a container having the same desirable characteristics as possible in accord-' ance with other specific sequences of operative steps.

This application is a division of my application Serial No. 105,108, filed April 28, 1926, which latter application is a division of my application filed July 7, 1919, Serial No. 309,115; Patent No. 1,584,964 May 18, 1926.

I claim: v

1. A set-up container ready for filling comprising nested receptacles each having a longitudinal overlapped seam, said seams being staggered relative to one another, each receptacle having a complete and independently formed closure at one end, the end closure for the inner receptacle at least being sealed, the opposite ends of the two receptacles being open for filling, and means for closing said open ends, the outer receptacle being formed around the inner receptacle and being of such-size and. shape as substantially to contact with the walls and closed end of the inner receptacle at substantially every point whereby the latter is supported against internal pressure.

2. A container ready for filling including an outer and an inner receptacle constituted respectively of a layer of stifi material and a layer of relatively flexible material, said, outer layer forming a complete receptacle open at one end for filling and having a longitudinal overlapped seam and a closed end, said inner layer forming a complete receptacle open at one end for filling and having a longitudinal overlapped seam and a complete and independently formed and sealed closure at one end, and means for closing said open ends, the outer receptacle being formed around the inner receptacle and the inner receptacle being of such size and shape as to contact with the walls and closed end of the outer receptacle at substantially every point thereof, whereby to be supported by and to conform to the latter.

3. A set-up container ready for filling including an outer and an inner receptacle constituted respectively of a layer of stiff material and a layer of relatively flexible material, said outer layer forming a complete receptacle open at one end for filling and having a longitudinal overlapped seam and a.closed end, said inner layer forming a complete receptacle open at one end for filling and having a longitudinal overlapped seam and a complete and independently formed and sealed closure at one end, and means for closingsaid open ends, the outer receptacle bein}: formed around the inner receptacle, and adhesive uniting the receptacles, and the inmireceptacle being of such size and shape as to contact with the walls and closed end of the outer receptacle at substantially every point thereof, whereby to be supported by and to conform to the latter.

4. A set-up contained ready for filling including outer and inner receptacles constituted respectively of a layer' of stiff material, and a layer of relatively flexible material whose surface is of fusible character, said outer layer forming a complete receptacle open at one end for filling and-having a longitudinal overlapped seam and a closed end, said inner layer forming a complete receptacle open at one end for filling and having a longitudinal overlapped seam and a complete and independently formed and sealedclosure at one end, the overlapped and folded material forming the seam and .closure of said inner layer being fused together to provide a seal, and means for closing said open ends, the outer receptacle being formed aroundthe inner receptacle and the inner receptacle being of such size and shape as to contact Withthe walls and closed end of the outer receptacle at substantially every point thereof, whereby to be supported by and conform to the latter.

5. A container ready for filling comprising outer and inner receptacles each having a longitudinal overlapped seam and a complete and independently formed and sealed closure at one end, the opposite ends ofthe two receptacles being open for filling, and means for closing said open ends, the outer receptacle being formed around the inner receptacle, the

inner receptacle being of such size and shape as to contact with the walls and closed end of the outer receptacle at substantially every point thereof, whereby to be supported by and conform to the latter, the two said longitudinal seams being on opposite faces of the container.-

6. A container including an inner receptacle and an outer receptacle each having a longitudinal overlapped seam and an independently formed and sealed end, said 1ongitudinal seams being on different sides of the container the outer receptacle being formed. around the inner receptacle and being of such size and shape as to contact with the inner receptacle substantially at every point on the side walls and end of the latter.

7. A container comprising nested receptacles one at least of which is of moisture impervious flexible sheet material, each receptacle having a longitudinal sealed seam and a complete and independently formed and vsealed closure at one end, means closing the receptacles each having a longitudinal sealed seam and a complete and independently formed and sealed closure at one end, means closing the other ends of the respective receptacles, the inner receptacle being of parafiined paper substantially impervious to moisture and the outer receptacle'being of relatively stifi and strong cardboard, the

outer receptacle being formed around the in-. per receptacle and being of such size and shape as substantially to contact with and, sup ort the walls and closed and sealed end of tie inner receptacle at substantially every point.

9. A container comprising inner and outer receptacles, the inner receptacle being of flexible, moisture impervious sheet material, each receptacle having a longitudinal sealed seam and a complete and independently formedclosure at one end, the end closure for the inner receptacle at least being sealed, independent means closing the other ends of the respective receptacles, the closure for the last-named end of the outer receptacle at least, also being sealed, the longitudinal seams of the respective receptacle being at difi'erent sides of the container, the outer receptacle being of a material which is relatively stiff, as compared with that of the inner receptacle and being formed around the innerreceptacle and of such size and shape as substantially tocontact with the walls and closed end of the inner receptacle at substantially every point whereby the latter is supported against internal pressure.

- 10. A container including an inner receptacle and 7 .11 outer receptacle each having a longitudinal overlapped seam and an independently formed and sealed end, said longitudinal seams being in staggered relation to each other, the outer receptacle being formed around the inner receptacle and being of such size and shape as to contact with the inner receptacle substantially at every point on the side walls and end of the latter.

Signed by me at Boston, Massachusetts, this 29th day of April, 1931.

CHARLES P. WELLMAN. 

